Verbs
Regular
verbs (that is, verbs other than to be) are all conjugated in the
same way. They can start with either a vowel or a consonant in the
infinitive, but always end in an '-a'.
To
conjugate into the present tense, you simply add the dependent
pronoun ending to the infinitive. We've already seen the independent
pronouns (las, dær,
cìv, ràl, nelæ, plach)
and the dependent pronouns are based on these. They are:
-s
– las
-d
– dær
-v
– cìv (also sa
and sèl)
-l
– ràl
-n
– nelæ
-ch
– plach
So, if we take the verb sæna – to see, it conjugates: sænas – I see, sænad – you see, sænav – he/she/it/one sees, sænal – we see, sænan – you (pl.) see, and sænach – they see. The independent pronouns can be used in conjunction with a conjugated verb, this will emphasise the subject. For example: sænas – I see, but las sænas – I see (not you or anyone else).
Even if the subject of the sentence is not a pronoun (for example 'the dog' or 'some people'), a pronominal ending is still needed.
Prepositions
In
Avalèn, prepositions are used in conjunction with nouns, or an
independent pronoun. For example: with the king – medh
regì,
in a house – en
càsadì
etc.
Questions
To
create a question from a phrase, simply add the word 'ar'
at the start. Nothing else needs to be changed. For example: you
speak – nìanad
→
are you ? (do you speak?) - ar
nìanad?
Vocabulary
to
speak – nìana,
to eat – vìca,
to come – lana,
to love – mòra,
to run – chæra
with
– medh,
in
– en,
of – de,
from – dà, about - vàr
country/land
– del,
city
– otsol
Exercises
Translate
into English:
chæras medh dær
lanach dà delì tìè
mòran
sèl nìanav medh æbachì dasè
ar vìcach en càsadì lasè?
ar lanal?
nìanad vàr elenì tìè
mòral
bachì chærav medh marì cìvè
ar æbesebì lanach dà otsolì tìè?
Vocabulary
to
shine – sìla,
to search – serca,
to reply – repla,
to go – fìra
for
– sèr,
to – na,
Translate into Avalèn:
the stars shine
I'm searching for my bird
are you (pl.) going to our city?
she replies to my king
that river goes from my house to the country of sweet fruit
they come with weapons
we're searching for a book of mine
is that child running to your (pl.) children?
the sun shines for them
they are eating in the quiet river
