Other
tenses for to be
We
already know that the present tense of to be is created with the
words 'è' for the singular
and 'ù' for the
plural. The past is similar: 'vè'
for the singular and 'ù'
for the plural. There is also the future: 'lè'
and 'lù', and the
conditional: 'dè' and
'dù'.
For
example, here is the sentence 'some large dogs are nice' in all
tenses:
Present:
large dogs are
nice – æmarò vàsè
ù
dasè
Past:
large dogs were
nice – æmarò vàsè
vù
dasè
Future:
large dogs will be
nice – æmarò vàsè
lù
dasè
Conditional:
large dogs would be
nice – æmarò vàsè
dù
dasè
Possessive
pronouns
As
previously discussed, the ending used for adjectives is -è.
This ending is also used in creating possessive pronouns. They are in
fact usually just the dependent pronouns with the adjective ending.
That is:
my
– lasè
your
– dærè
his/her
(also its) – cìvè
our
– ràlè
your
(pl.) – nelè
their
– plachè
They are used just like adjectives; after the noun they modify. For example: my dog – marì lasè, your bird – misonì dærè, her friend – amìdhì cìvè and so on.
Note that an article ending is always needed, even when you naturally wouldn't expect to use one. 'My dog' is one specific, definite dog, so it receives a definite article. Similarly, when we say 'her friend', it is (usually) a specific friend we are talking about, although the indefinite article ending could be used to convey a meaning similar to 'a friend of hers'.
Negation
This
is a simple concept in Avalèn, you simply add the word nì
after the verb to be negated. For example, I am – èlas
→
I am not – èlas
nì.
Vocabulary
that
– tìè,
this – dor
tìè,
those – ætìè,
these – ædor
tìè
chair
– sedìan,
river – flùs,
star – elen,
book – cæm,
house – càsad, eye – locùl
Exercises
Translate
into English:
ædor tìè ù ælocùlì lasè.
tìè lè cæmì cìvè
vèdær amìdhì ràlè
elenì dor tìè dè velè
æsedìanì vù nì ædè
dor tìè è flùsò vàsè
càsadì lasè lè blancè
ætìè vù nì æcæmì lasè
locùlì dor tìè è dærè
æflùsò lù nì dolè
Vocabulary
child
– beseb, fruit – pìn,
image – bild
Translate into Avalèn:
those fruit weren't sweet
my tree would be yours
an image isn't an eye
our children will be good
that child is nice
their chairs are large
her king was quiet
this water will not be good
your (pl.) child isn't nice
that image is old
